Ayers House – Ballroom

Rare earth elements: critical ingredients for the global renewable energy transition Presented by: Assoc Prof Carl Spandler Abstract: The surging global embrace of high-tech applications and clean energy is accelerating demand for the critical metals that enable these applications. Forty years ago, use of metals such as the rare earth elements were limited to specialist military and industrial applications, whereas today they comprise essential components of electric vehicles, high-powered magnets used in energy generation, and modern computer/ telecommunication systems. Presently,…